台灣語言學期刊

鑽石開放取用期刊(對著作者及讀者皆不收取任何費用)
ISSN: 1729-4649 (print); 1994-2559 (online)

現代漢語中諸多“是”字結構的統⼀闡釋

李⽂⼭/ 西南⼤學
現代漢語中的語素“是”有四種主要⽤法:系詞、肯定焦點標記及論元或附加語焦點輔助成分。除此之外,它還可以⽤於省略句中。前賢已對“是“的這些⽤法做過較好的觀察。以往試圖對這些⽤法做出統⼀刻畫的努⼒不在少數。本⽂重新審視“是”的這些⽤法,并論證近期對于“是”所提出的⼀些統⼀理論闡釋存在問題,并嘗試在動態句法理論框架內從句⼦解析的⾓度對這些⽤法做出新的統⼀闡釋。在動態句法中,句⼦是從左到右逐詞加⼯構建命題的單調過程。本⽂提出,在語義構建過程中,“是”始終貢獻⼀個等同關係謂詞,該謂詞與其他某種邏輯類型的表達式組合。“是” 在句⼦中的出現是否會導致某種語⽤效果的產⽣取決于“是”以及“是”之後出現的成分。 關鍵字:是、系詞、焦點標記、動態句法

TOWARD A UNITARY ACCOUNT OF DIVERSE SHI CONSTRUCTIONS IN MANDARIN CHINESE

Wenshan Li/ South West University
The morpheme shi (the fourth tone) in Mandarin has four major uses: as a copula verb, a verum focus marker and an associate of argument/adjunct focus, and it is also involved in elliptical sentences. These uses have been well-observed in the literature, and many previous attempts have been made to provide a unitary theoretical characterization of these uses. In this paper, a revisit is paid to these uses of shi and it is argued that some of the latest unitary theoretical accounts of this morpheme are problematic. A novel unitary theoretical account of these uses is formulated from a parsing perspective in the framework of Dynamic Syntax, wherein sentences are viewed as left-to-right word-by-word monotonic processes of constructing propositions. It is proposed that shi always contributes a predicate of identity relation which combines with a corresponding formula of some logical type. Whether the presence of shi in a sentence gives rise to pragmatic effects or not depends on shi and the syntactic properties of the expression following shi. Key words: shi, copula, focus marker, Dynamic Syntax