台灣語言學期刊

鑽石開放取用期刊(對著作者及讀者皆不收取任何費用)
ISSN: 1729-4649 (print); 1994-2559 (online)

從「附加」到「主觀評價」-粵語助詞「埋」的語法化過程

左靄雲/ 香港理工大學
本文探討粵語助詞「埋」的語法化過程。「埋」作為趨向動詞表示「接近」、「靠攏」。通過語法化過程,「埋」成為一個表「朝向」的方向助詞,附於動詞後。其後,「埋」發展成有量化功能的助詞,表「附加」,並進一步語法化為賦有主觀色彩評價的標記,表明說話人對句中的直接賓語持負面評價。「埋」的語法化過程中涉及數個語用機制,包括語用推斷(pragmatic inferencing)及主觀化(subjectification)。本文認為「埋」有「附加」>「主觀評價」的語義演化途徑,這獲歷時語料所證實,亦有跨語言的證據所支持。 關鍵字:方向助詞、粵語、「埋」、語法化、主觀化

INCLUSION OF THE OUTSIDER–GRAMMATICALIZATION OF THE VERBAL PARTICLE 'MAAI' IN CANTONESE

Winnie Chor
This paper explores the grammaticalization of the verbal particle 'maai' in Cantonese. Originally a verb of movement meaning ‘approach/get close to’ a reference point, 'maai' has undergone grammaticalization to become a directional particle meaning ‘towards’. It then developed into an additive quantifier meaning ‘also/as well’, and has further been reinterpreted as an evaluative marker, marking the speaker’s negative evaluation of the object of the verb to which 'maai' is suffixed. A number of pragmatic processes are involved in 'maai’s' grammaticalization, in particular pragmatic inferencing and subjectification. The evolutionary pathway ‘addition’ > ‘subjective evaluation’ is attested by historical data and is also supported by cross-linguistic evidence. Key words: directional particle, Cantonese, MAAI, grammaticalization, subjectification